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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

4.9K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
2.2K
Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

4.4K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
4.4K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

2.8K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
2.8K
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

1.3K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
1.3K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

1.0K
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
1.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
05:07

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Chemonucleolysis under local anesthesia.

C W Spencer

    Orthopedics
    |May 15, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a protocol for lumbar disc chemonucleolysis using local anesthesia. Key advantages include faster procedures and early management of anaphylaxis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Minimally Invasive Spine Procedures
    • Anesthesiology
    • Interventional Radiology

    Background:

    • Chemonucleolysis offers a less invasive alternative for treating lumbar disc herniation.
    • Local anesthesia provides patient comfort and allows for early detection of adverse reactions.
    • Optimizing procedural protocols enhances patient safety and efficiency.

    Discussion:

    • The presented protocol facilitates lumbar disc chemonucleolysis under local anesthesia.
    • Early detection and management of anaphylaxis are critical safety considerations.
    • Shortened procedure time contributes to improved patient throughput and experience.

    Key Insights:

    • A standardized protocol for lumbar disc chemonucleolysis under local anesthesia is detailed.
    • The protocol emphasizes proactive anaphylaxis management.
    • Efficiency gains are achieved through optimized procedural steps.

    Outlook:

    • Further research may explore variations in local anesthetic agents for chemonucleolysis.
    • Wider adoption of this protocol could improve accessibility to minimally invasive treatments.
    • Long-term outcomes and patient satisfaction associated with this protocol warrant investigation.