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Temperate mountain forest biodiversity under climate change: compensating negative effects by increasing structural

Veronika Braunisch¹, Joy Coppes², Raphaël Arlettaz³

¹Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany; Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

|May 15, 2014

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Climate change threatens cold-adapted mountain species, but adaptive habitat management can mitigate risks. Targeted vegetation changes can help, but multiple factors are needed for full compensation.

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Conservation Biology
Climate Change Biology

Background:

Cold-adapted species in mountain environments face extinction risks due to climate change.
Habitat suitability is often indirectly affected by climate-induced vegetation changes, impacting species dependent on forest composition and structure.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how climate, landscape, and vegetation influence the occurrence of cold-adapted bird species.
To assess the impact of climate change and associated vegetation shifts on habitat suitability.
To determine the potential for adaptive habitat management to compensate for climate change impacts.

Main Methods:

Species occurrence data and environmental information were collected from 300 1-km2 grid cells across four European mountain ranges.
Species distribution models were developed using climate, landscape, and vegetation variables under current climate conditions.
Models were projected to 2050 (IPCC A1B scenario) to quantify changes in habitat suitability and assess management compensation potential.

Main Results:

Climate variables significantly explained species occurrence, with climate and vegetation changes projected to decrease habitat suitability for all four model species.
Occurrence probability reductions were most pronounced at lower altitudinal ranges.
Partial compensation for habitat loss was possible by modifying single vegetation factors, but full compensation required concerted changes across multiple factors.

Conclusions:

Adaptive habitat management can partially offset negative climate change impacts on cold-adapted mountain species.
Effective conservation requires integrated management strategies addressing multiple vegetation characteristics to fully compensate for climate-induced habitat degradation.
The study highlights both the potential and limitations of adaptive management for species conservation under future climate scenarios.