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Long-term changes in dietary and food intake behaviour in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
1Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
Summary
The lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention led to sustained healthier dietary habits, including lower fat and higher fiber intake, for up to nine years. Younger participants in the lifestyle group showed less healthy eating patterns over time.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and its Outcomes Study (DPPOS) investigated long-term interventions for type 2 diabetes.
- Understanding sustained dietary changes is crucial for effective diabetes prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare dietary intake changes across lifestyle, metformin, and placebo interventions in a diabetes prevention trial.
- To analyze demographic differences in dietary intake within treatment arms over time.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the DPP and DPPOS, involving over 3000 participants randomized to lifestyle, metformin, or placebo.
- Dietary intake assessed via food frequency questionnaires at baseline and multiple follow-up points up to 9 years.
- Participants initially received assigned interventions, with all later offered a modified lifestyle intervention.
Main Results:
- Lifestyle intervention participants maintained lower total and saturated fat, and higher fiber intake for up to 9 years compared to metformin and placebo.
- Reduced intake of red meat and sweets persisted for up to 5 years in the lifestyle arm.
- Demographic analysis revealed variations in food group intake by age, race, and sex, particularly within the lifestyle intervention group.
Conclusions:
- Dietary modifications achieved through the lifestyle intervention demonstrated long-term adherence up to 9 years.
- Younger participants in the lifestyle arm exhibited less healthy dietary patterns over time, suggesting a need for tailored support.
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