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Related Concept Videos

Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

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A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or...
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Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

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Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
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Syncope caused by huge hiatal hernia.

Gabriel Vanerio1

  • 1Intensive Care Unit and Cardiology Departments, British Hospital Montevideo, 2420 Avenue Italia, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.

Case Reports in Cardiology
|May 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A giant hiatus hernia can cause syncope (loss of consciousness) after eating a large meal. A chest X-ray is crucial for diagnosing this condition and understanding the cause of fainting.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cardiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Syncope, or fainting, can be triggered by various physiological events.
  • A large meal, particularly with carbonated beverages, can precede such episodes.
  • Identifying the underlying cause of syncope is critical for appropriate patient management.

Observation:

  • An 84-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode after consuming pizza and soft drinks.
  • She presented with pallor and sweating post-episode.
  • Initial vital signs showed a sitting blood pressure of 160/60 mmHg with normal sinus rhythm.

Findings:

  • A chest X-ray revealed a large retrocardiac opacity with an air-fluid level.
  • This opacity was consistent with a giant hiatus hernia.
  • The hernia's size suggested it could compress the left atrium after a meal.

Implications:

  • The mechanism of syncope was attributed to left atrial compression by the hiatus hernia, reducing cardiac output.
  • This case highlights the importance of a detailed patient history, including dietary intake, in evaluating syncope.
  • A chest X-ray should be considered in patients presenting with syncope, especially after a substantial meal, to rule out conditions like giant hiatus hernia.