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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Enzyme Kinetics

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
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Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
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Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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Introduction To Enzymes01:22

Introduction To Enzymes

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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
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Finding sequences for over 270 orphan enzymes.

Alexander G Shearer1, Tomer Altman2, Christine D Rhee1

  • 1Clover Collective, Mountain View, California, United States of America.

Plos One
|May 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a method to identify DNA sequences for "orphan enzymes," which are enzymes without known genetic origins. This approach successfully linked over 270 enzymes to their sequences, filling critical gaps in biological understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Genomics and Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Significant numbers of well-characterized enzymatic activities lack associated DNA sequences, termed 'orphan enzymes'.
  • These orphan enzymes represent critical gaps in understanding biological pathways and functions.
  • Identifying sequences for orphan enzymes is a priority for advancing biological knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and report a methodology for identifying coding sequences of orphan enzymes.
  • To systematically address the challenge of 'orphan enzymes' in biological research.
  • To prevent the future occurrence of orphan enzymes in biological databases.

Main Methods:

  • A combined approach utilizing database searches and comprehensive literature reviews was employed.
  • The methodology focused on linking known enzymatic activities with their corresponding genetic sequences.
  • Systematic analysis was performed to resolve enzyme-sequence associations.

Main Results:

  • The developed methodology successfully identified and reconnected over 270 orphan enzymes with their respective DNA sequences.
  • This represents a significant advancement in filling gaps in the genomic and enzymatic landscape.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of the integrated search and review strategy.

Conclusions:

  • The reported methodology provides a viable strategy for resolving existing orphan enzymes.
  • This approach can be used to systematically eliminate orphan enzymes and enhance biological databases.
  • Implementing this method can prevent the future generation of orphan enzymes, improving biological understanding.