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Updated: Apr 29, 2026
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Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
Published on: April 17, 2015
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Impact dynamics of granular jets with noncircular cross sections
Xiang Cheng1, Leonardo Gordillo2, Wendy W Zhang3
1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA and The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Summary
Granular jets with noncircular shapes form anisotropic sheets upon impact, revealing liquid-like behavior. This collective flow from particles mirrors phenomena observed in high-energy physics collisions.
Area of Science:
- Physics
- Fluid Dynamics
- Materials Science
Background:
- Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors, often mimicking fluid dynamics.
- Understanding impact dynamics is crucial for various scientific and industrial applications.
- Noncircular granular jets present unique challenges in predicting their flow behavior.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact dynamics of granular jets with noncircular cross sections.
- To identify and characterize distinct flow regimes.
- To explore the relationship between jet shape and resulting impact patterns.
Main Methods:
- High-speed photography was employed to capture the impact events.
- Analysis focused on the steady-state regime of granular jet impacts.
- Measurements quantified the shape and anisotropy of the resulting granular sheets.
Main Results:
- Two distinct impact regimes were identified for noncircular granular jets.
- The steady-state regime produces thin, anisotropic granular sheets.
- The degree of anisotropy in the sheets correlates positively with the jet's cross-sectional aspect ratio.
Conclusions:
- Granular materials display liquid-like behavior during impact, forming collective hydrodynamic flows.
- The observed anisotropic ejecta share similarities with phenomena in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
- The study provides insights into the fundamental physics of granular flow and its broader implications.
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