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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables01:28

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

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Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Multicellular Human Alveolar Model Composed of Epithelial Cells and Primary Immune Cells for Hazard Assessment
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Infection risk and biologics: current update.

Dinny Wallis1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|May 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Biologic therapies for inflammatory arthritis can increase infection risk. Individual patient factors and specific biologic agents influence this risk, requiring careful assessment for safe management.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Biologic therapy has transformed inflammatory arthritis management.
  • A significant safety concern is the increased risk of serious and opportunistic infections associated with biologic therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest data on infection risks in patients treated with biologic therapy for inflammatory arthritis.
  • To summarize current understanding of factors influencing infection risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and observational data.
  • Analysis of studies reporting infection rates in patients receiving biologic agents.

Main Results:

  • Infection risk is influenced by the underlying inflammatory arthritis, comorbidities, and concomitant immunosuppressive treatments like glucocorticoids.

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  • Conflicting data exists on the absolute risk of infection due to variations in study design, outcome classification, and patient populations.
  • Differences in infection risk among various biologic agents may be linked to their distinct mechanisms of action.

    • Conclusions:

    • Ongoing long-term observational studies provide evolving insights into infection risks with biologic therapy, despite inherent limitations.
    • Individualized assessment of infection risk should consider multiple contributing patient-specific factors.