Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Liver Fibrosis Staging: Transient Elastometry Versus Cirrhosis Blood Test
Paul Calès1, Jérôme Boursier, Frédéric Oberti
1*Liver-Gastroenterology Department, CHU Angers †HIFIH Laboratory, LUNAM University, Angers ‡Liver-Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital §INSERM/UJF U823, IAPC, IAB, University, Grenoble ∥Liver-Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital, Pessac ¶INSERM U1053, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.
Insights
Fibroscan and CirrhoMeter showed similar accuracy for fibrosis staging, outperforming binary cirrhosis diagnosis. Cirrhosis-specific blood tests may improve accuracy and prognostication compared to standard blood tests and transient elastometry.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Diagnostic Accuracy
- Biomarkers
Background:
- Elastometry offers superior cirrhosis diagnosis accuracy compared to blood tests.
- Most blood tests target significant fibrosis, with CirrhoMeter being an exception for cirrhosis.
- This study compares Fibroscan and CirrhoMeter performance for cirrhosis diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the diagnostic performance of Fibroscan and CirrhoMeter for cirrhosis.
- To evaluate binary cirrhosis diagnosis versus fibrosis staging.
- To assess the prognostic value of these methods.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a diagnostic population of 679 hepatitis C patients with liver biopsy, Fibroscan, and CirrhoMeter.
- Included a prognostic population of 1110 chronic liver disease patients assessed with both tests.
- Analyzed data using receiver operating characteristic curves and log-rank tests.
Main Results:
- Fibroscan showed higher accuracy (85.4%) than CirrhoMeter (79.2%) for binary cirrhosis diagnosis (P<0.001).
- Fibrosis classification yielded higher accuracy for both: Fibroscan (88.2%) and CirrhoMeter (88.8%).
- CirrhoMeter demonstrated better survival prediction than Fibroscan using simplified fibrosis classification (P<0.001).
Conclusions:
- Standard binary cutoffs for Fibroscan in cirrhosis diagnosis lack sufficient accuracy.
- Fibrosis staging is superior to binary diagnosis for assessing liver disease.
- Cirrhosis-specific blood tests may reduce accuracy gaps and improve prognostication compared to transient elastometry.
Introduction:
Elastometry is more accurate than blood tests for cirrhosis diagnosis. However, blood tests were developed for significant fibrosis, with the exception of CirrhoMeter developed for cirrhosis. We compared the performance of Fibroscan and CirrhoMeter, and classic binary cirrhosis diagnosis versus new fibrosis staging for cirrhosis diagnosis.
Methods:
The diagnostic population included 679 patients with hepatitis C and liver biopsy (Metavir staging and morphometry), Fibroscan, and CirrhoMeter. The prognostic population included 1110 patients with chronic liver disease and both tests.
Results:
Binary diagnosis: AUROCs for cirrhosis were: Fibroscan: 0.905; CirrhoMeter: 0.857; and P=0.041. Accuracy (Youden cutoff) was: Fibroscan: 85.4%; CirrhoMeter: 79.2%; and P<0.001. Fibrosis classification provided 6 classes (F0/1, F1/2, F2±1, F3±1, F3/4, and F4). Accuracy was: Fibroscan: 88.2%; CirrhoMeter: 88.8%; and P=0.77. A simplified fibrosis classification comprised 3 categories: discrete (F1±1), moderate (F2±1), and severe (F3/4) fibrosis. Using this simplified classification, CirrhoMeter predicted survival better than Fibroscan (respectively, χ=37.9 and 19.7 by log-rank test), but both predicted it well (P<0.001 by log-rank test). Comparison: binary diagnosis versus fibrosis classification, respectively, overall accuracy: CirrhoMeter: 79.2% versus 88.8% (P<0.001); Fibroscan: 85.4% versus 88.2% (P=0.127); positive predictive value for cirrhosis by Fibroscan: Youden cutoff (11.1 kPa): 49.1% versus cutoffs of F3/4 (17.6 kPa): 67.6% and F4 classes (25.7 kPa): 82.4%.
Conclusions:
Fibroscan's usual binary cutoffs for cirrhosis diagnosis are not sufficiently accurate. Fibrosis classification should be preferred over binary diagnosis. A cirrhosis-specific blood test markedly attenuates the accuracy deficit for cirrhosis diagnosis of usual blood tests versus transient elastometry, and may offer better prognostication.
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction
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