Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

4.1K

Profile of acute kidney injury in pediatric leptospirosis

Francisco E Anacleto1, Almira B Collado, Angeli M Wyson

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of the Philippines-College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila , Philippines .

Renal Failure
|May 16, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric leptospirosis frequently causes acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly the oliguric form, which is more severe. This study details AKI in children with leptospirosis, highlighting treatment and outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Zoonotic diseases
  • Pediatric nephrology
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease with increasing public health significance.
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric leptospirosis is underreported and lacks detailed characterization.
  • Understanding AKI in children with leptospirosis is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively describe acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric leptospirosis.
  • To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with leptospirosis-related AKI.
  • To differentiate between oliguric and non-oliguric AKI in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pediatric patients (≤18 years) diagnosed with leptospirosis (MAT ≥ 1:400).
  • Patients were treated at a tertiary government hospital from January 2004 to December 2012.
  • Stratification into oliguric (<0.5 mL/kg/h urine output) and non-oliguric groups.

Main Results:

  • Eighty-six children were included; 53 (62%) presented with oliguric AKI.
  • Oliguric patients had significantly higher BUN and serum creatinine levels on admission (p=0.04, p=0.01).
  • Median eGFR was 9 mL/min/1.73 m² in oliguric vs. 11 mL/min/1.73 m² in non-oliguric.
  • Peritoneal dialysis was required for 36% of oliguric patients; 4% mortality occurred in this group.
  • L. manilae and L. poi were the most common serovars.

Conclusions:

  • Anicteric oliguric AKI is more common and severe in pediatric leptospirosis than non-oliguric kidney failure.
  • Early recognition and management of oliguric AKI are vital in children with leptospirosis.
  • Leptospirosis poses a significant threat to pediatric kidney health.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryleptospirosispediatric nephrologyperitoneal diaysistropical disease

More Related Videos

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

7.7K
Intravenous Microinjections of Zebrafish Larvae to Study Acute Kidney Injury15:55

Intravenous Microinjections of Zebrafish Larvae to Study Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: August 4, 2010

24.0K

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
1.4K
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
559
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
1.8K
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
2.3K
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
527
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
788