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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: January 7, 2019

Stress-induced nanoparticle crystallization.

Huimeng Wu¹, Zhongwu Wang, Hongyou Fan

¹Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 16, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel mechanical annealing technique to enhance nanoparticle arrays. Applying high pressure at room temperature removes defects, creating highly ordered structures with improved mechanical properties.

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Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

Published on: October 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays often contain defects, limiting their structural quality and performance.
Current methods for improving nanoparticle assembly quality may require high temperatures or complex processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a new room-temperature mechanical annealing method for improving nanoparticle array structural quality.
To investigate the effect of high-pressure stress on defect elimination and structural transformation in nanoparticle assemblies.

Main Methods:

Mechanical annealing using gigapascal level stress.
In situ high-pressure small-angle X-ray scattering (HP-SAXS) to analyze structural changes.

Main Results:

The mechanical annealing method significantly improved structural quality by eliminating defects at room temperature.
Deformation under gigapascal stress rebalanced interparticle forces, transforming amorphous assemblies into quasi-single crystalline superstructures.
Hydrostatic pressure was found to be critical for the thermodynamic and kinetic favorability of this transformation.

Conclusions:

Mechanical annealing offers a viable route for defect-free nanoparticle assembly.
This technique enables the creation of nanoparticle superstructures with enhanced mechanical performance.
The findings provide new insights into nanoparticle self-assembly and integration strategies.