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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
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Epigenomic programing: a future way to health?

Boris A Shenderov1, Tore Midtvedt2

  • 1Laboratory of Biology of Bifidobacteria, Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology after G.N. Gabrichevsky, Moscow, Russia.

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease
|May 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The fluid genome dogma replaces the central genome dogma, emphasizing epigenomic programming influenced by environment and metabolism. Non-optimal epigenomic programming, especially early in life, contributes to chronic diseases, highlighting potential for interventions.

Keywords:
energy metabolismepigenomic programingfeces conservationfood and microbial bioactive moleculesgut microbiotamitochondria

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Epigenetics
  • Environmental Health
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • The traditional 'central genome dogma' (DNA to RNA to protein) is evolving.
  • The 'fluid genome dogma' highlights dynamic epigenomic programming influenced by organism-environment interactions.
  • Epigenomic programming is shaped by metabolism, microbiota, diet, and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the shift from the central genome dogma to the fluid genome dogma.
  • To explore the role of epigenomic programming in chronic 'civilization diseases'.
  • To emphasize the critical first 1,000 days of life for epigenomic health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific understanding and literature.
  • Discussion of epigenomic programming mechanisms and influencing factors.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps in genomic, metagenomic, dietary, and environmental data.

Main Results:

  • Chronic diseases are linked to non-optimal epigenomic programming, often initiated early in life.
  • The first 1,000 days are crucial for epigenomic health.
  • Interventions targeting epigenomic programming offer prophylactic and therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • The fluid genome concept provides a framework for understanding health and disease.
  • Addressing epigenomic health requires interdisciplinary collaboration and better data resources.
  • Establishing a 'Human Gut Microbiota and Epigenomic Platform' is crucial for advancing research and clinical applications.