Thyroid dysfunction and choleduocholithiasis

Disturbances in lipid metabolism which occur during hypothyroidism leadto the formation of gallstones. This study aims to evaluate the thyroid functionpattern in patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones.

This case-control study recruited 151 patients with preliminary diagnosesof CBD stone who underwent ERCP (cases). The control group comprisedhealthy people who met the study criteria in the same hospital. The controlgroup underwent ultrasonography to exclude any asymptomatic bile duct lithiasis.A questionnaire that included demographic and anthropometrics datawere completed by an assigned physician. Morning blood samples that followed12 hours of fasting were taken from all participants for measurements ofserum total thyroxin (T4), serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), fastingblood sugar (FBS), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL).

The mean TSH in patients (2.59 ± 4.86mg/dl) was higher than the controlgroup (2.53± 4.13 9mg/dl). In subclinical hypothyroidism, serum TSH levelshigher than 5 MU/L were found in 30.6% of cases compared with 22.5% ofcontrols [OR: 1.53; 95 % confidence interval (95% CI): 0.968-2.438). Hypothyroidismwas detected in 10.8% of the control group and in 11.3% of cases(OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 0.578-2.043). The mean total cholesterol levels in caseswas higher than the control group (p=0.61).The levels of TG (p=0.05), HDL(73.35 vs. 46.41; p<0.01) and LDL (64.81.88 vs. 111.04; p<0.01) was statisticallysignificant between both groups.

There is an association between thyroid disorders and the presence of bileduct stones. Thyroid testing in patients with gallstone and bile duct stones isrecommended because hypothyroidism may be a predisposing factor for stonepassage from the gallbladder.