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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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MicroRNAs in the skeleton: cell-restricted or potent intercellular communicators?

Bram C J van der Eerden1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
|May 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate bone cell differentiation and function. These molecules are excreted, acting as communicators between bone cells and potentially distant tissues, influencing skeletal health.

Keywords:
BoneMSCMesenchymal stem cellMicroRNAOsteoblastOsteoclastOsteoclastogenesisOsteocyteOsteogenesisOsteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of cellular processes like proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
  • miRNAs influence skeletal homeostasis by modulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts, key cells in bone remodeling.
  • Emerging evidence suggests miRNAs are released into circulation, indicating potential systemic roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries of novel miRNAs involved in bone cell differentiation.
  • To explore the paracrine and endocrine functions of miRNAs in skeletal regulation.
  • To highlight the role of miRNAs as intercellular and inter-tissue communicators.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies investigating miRNA involvement in osteoblast and osteoclast biology.
  • Synthesis of evidence on miRNA secretion and systemic effects.

Main Results:

  • Several novel miRNAs have been identified that regulate key genes in bone cell differentiation.
  • miRNAs can affect bone cells in a cell-autonomous manner by targeting differentiation master genes.
  • Evidence supports a role for circulating miRNAs in regulating bone cell function, suggesting paracrine and endocrine actions.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are significant regulators of bone cell differentiation and function.
  • The discovery of circulating miRNAs opens new avenues for understanding skeletal communication.
  • miRNAs represent a novel class of signaling molecules with broad implications for skeletal health and disease.