Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

9.5K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.5K
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

3.0K
3.0K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

6.0K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
6.0K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

1.8K
1.8K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

6.1K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
6.1K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.3K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seeking Sense in the Hox Gene Cluster.

Journal of developmental biology·2022
Same author

Hox cluster genes and collinearities throughout the tree of animal life.

The International journal of developmental biology·2019
Same author

Mouse embryo Hox gene enhancers assayed in cell culture: Hoxb4, b8 and a7 are activated by Cdx1 protein.

The International journal of developmental biology·2019
Same author

Molecular profiling of aged neural progenitors identifies Dbx2 as a candidate regulator of age-associated neurogenic decline.

Aging cell·2018
Same author

Gdf11/Smad signalling and Cdx proteins cooperate to activate the Hoxc8 early enhancer in HepG2 cells.

The International journal of developmental biology·2017
Same author

Transcriptional response of <i>Hoxb</i> genes to retinoid signalling is regionally restricted along the neural tube rostrocaudal axis.

Royal Society open science·2017
Same journal

Spatial Heterogeneity of Phytoplankton Taxa and Functional Groups Under Multidimensional Environmental Factors in Karst Urban Rivers.

Biology·2026
Same journal

Paleopathology of a Lower Miocene Carettochelyid Turtle from the Moghra Formation, Egypt.

Biology·2026
Same journal

Effects of Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Masticatory Loading on Mandibular Growth in Growing Rats: A Longitudinal CBCT Study.

Biology·2026
Same journal

Data-Limited Stock Status Assessment of Bonga Shad, <i>Ethmalosa fimbriata</i> (Bowdich, 1825) and Lesser African Threadfin, <i>Galeoides decadactylus</i> (Bloch, 1795) in the Central Gulf of Guinea.

Biology·2026
Same journal

Gonadogenesis in the Bearded Dragon (<i>Pogona vitticeps</i>, Agamidae): A Comprehensive Histological Analysis from Gonadal Ridge Formation to Testicular and Ovarian Development.

Biology·2026
Same journal

The Programmable Microbiome: Integrative AI and Multi-Omics Frameworks for Precision T2DM Management.

Biology·2026
See all related articles
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element CRE Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element CRE Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

11.3K

Changes in Cis-regulatory Elements during Morphological Evolution.

Stephen J Gaunt1, Yu-Lee Paul2

  • 1The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK. sg397@cam.ac.uk.

Biology
|May 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animals evolve new body designs through genetic changes, often involving cis-regulatory elements called enhancers. Understanding these changes helps explain diverse morphological evolution across species.

More Related Videos

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

7.7K
Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis
09:38

Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis

Published on: October 16, 2016

18.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element CRE Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element CRE Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

11.3K
HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

7.7K
Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis
09:38

Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis

Published on: October 16, 2016

18.5K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental genetics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Morphological evolution drives the diversity of animal body plans.
  • Changes in cis-regulatory elements (enhancers) are key mechanisms in morphological evolution.
  • Enhancers offer modularity, allowing specific tissue expression and minimizing pleiotropic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize studies on morphological evolution based on the depth of genetic and molecular analysis.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying specific genetic changes, gene expression alterations, and regulatory elements involved in evolutionary steps.
  • To assess the current state of research in linking phenotypic changes to underlying genetic mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of existing research on morphological evolution.
  • Analysis of studies based on the identification of phenotype, gene expression, affected DNA regions, mutations, and transcription factor binding.
  • Review of examples ranging from simple pigmentation changes to complex limb and neck evolution.

Main Results:

  • Many studies provide incomplete data, lacking full identification of all genetic and molecular factors.
  • Research varies in its ability to pinpoint specific enhancers, mutations, and their functional consequences.
  • The review categorizes investigations based on the completeness of their analysis of evolutionary steps.

Conclusions:

  • Detailed molecular and genetic analysis is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of morphological evolution.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the roles of cis-regulatory elements in shaping animal form.
  • A systematic approach to identifying genetic underpinnings is essential for advancing the field of evolutionary developmental biology.