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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

The Neonatal Connectome During Preterm Brain Development.

Martijn P van den Heuvel¹, Karina J Kersbergen², Marcel A de Reus¹

¹Department of Psychiatry, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, The Netherlands.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|May 17, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The human brain

Keywords:

connectome development functional connectivity neonatal structural connectivity

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Published on: November 20, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Neuroscience
Brain Imaging

Background:

The human connectome, the brain's network of connections, develops extensively before birth.
Understanding early brain development is crucial for identifying potential developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the formation and early development of the human connectome during the preterm period.
To examine the structural and functional organization of the neonatal brain network.

Main Methods:

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used.
27 neonates were scanned at 30 and/or 40 weeks gestational age (GA).
Network analysis techniques were applied to assess brain network architecture and functional connectivity (FC).

Main Results:

Neonatal brain networks exhibit a small-world modular organization before term birth.
Functional networks are present but immature in preterm infants.
Neonatal structural and FC patterns significantly overlap with adult connectomes.
Significant developmental changes, including increased white matter microstructure and integration capacity, were observed between 30 and 40 weeks GA.

Conclusions:

Key organizational structures of the human connectome are established before term birth.
The preterm brain undergoes significant development, shaping its network architecture.
These findings provide insights into typical brain development trajectories.