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Updated: Apr 29, 2026

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Cutaneous Eyelid Neoplasms as a Toxicity of Vemurafenib Therapy

Vivian T Yin1, Tomasz A Wiraszka, Michael Tetzlaff

  • 1*Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Program, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; †Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston; and ‡Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|May 17, 2014
PubMed

Insights

BRAF inhibitors effectively treat melanoma but can cause skin issues. This study highlights eyelid keratinocytic neoplasms, including squamous cell carcinoma, as a rare but serious side effect of vemurafenib therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • BRAF mutations are common in melanoma, leading to targeted therapies like BRAF inhibitors.
  • BRAF inhibitors (e.g., vemurafenib) improve survival in advanced melanoma.
  • Common side effects include various skin toxicities.

Observation:

  • Three patients developed eyelid keratinocytic neoplasms.
  • One patient developed invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
  • These neoplasms were associated with vemurafenib treatment.

Findings:

  • Vemurafenib therapy can lead to the development of eyelid keratinocytic neoplasms.
  • Invasive squamous cell carcinoma is a potential complication.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for eyelid carcinomas in patients on vemurafenib.
  • Vigilant screening for skin neoplasms is crucial during BRAF inhibitor therapy.
  • Early detection and management of these neoplasms are essential.

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