Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

5.7K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
5.7K
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

2.5K
2.5K
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

4.8K
Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
4.8K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.2K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
3.2K
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

6.2K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
6.2K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.0K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From Dysbiosis to Diabetes: How Gut Microbiome Interventions Influence Type 2 Diabetes.

Current diabetes reviews·2026
Same author

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Effectiveness and Impact in Slovenia, 2019-2024.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

The Journey of Adult Patients with Lyme Disease in the United States: A Qualitative Interview Study and Patient-Reported, Health-Related Quality-of-Life Assessment.

Advances in therapy·2026
Same author

Incorporation of genome-bound cellular proteins into HIV-1 particles regulates viral infection.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

A likelihood-based Bayesian inference framework for the calibration of and selection between stochastic velocity-jump models.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2026
Same author

Duration discrimination in the bumblebee <i>Bombus terrestris</i>.

Biology letters·2025
Same journal

FAM122A inhibition of PP2A-B55 through a bipartite binding mechanism.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same journal

Disentangling the response to lysosomal damage.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same journal

The force, form and function of the nucleus.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same journal

The nucleus-vacuole junction at a glance.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same journal

Loss of INPP5E affects photoreceptor outer segment membrane biogenesis in iPSC-derived human retinal organoids.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same journal

Brinker regulates reciprocal outcomes of BMP signal between stem cells and differentiating cells.

Journal of cell science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs
10:01

Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs

Published on: June 27, 2013

15.5K

Subcellular mRNA localisation at a glance.

Richard M Parton1, Alexander Davidson1, Ilan Davis1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.

Journal of Cell Science
|May 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) localisation precisely controls protein production in cells, especially during migration. New research clarifies the molecular mechanisms, including microtubule-dependent transport, governing this vital process.

Keywords:
Cell BiologyDevelomentPolaritymRNA

More Related Videos

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
10:24

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 17, 2012

13.5K
Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
14:44

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

Published on: March 14, 2014

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs
10:01

Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs

Published on: June 27, 2013

15.5K
Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
10:24

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 17, 2012

13.5K
Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
14:44

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

Published on: March 14, 2014

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • mRNA localisation is crucial for regulating protein function spatially and temporally, particularly in polarized or migrating cells.
  • While the concept is over 20 years old, the precise molecular mechanisms of mRNA localisation remain incompletely understood.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending cellular function in development and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of mRNA localisation, from transcription to degradation.
  • To focus on the microtubule-dependent active transport and anchoring mechanism as a general paradigm.
  • To highlight the diverse strategies cells employ for mRNA localisation and targeted protein expression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advanced imaging techniques.
  • Analysis of biochemical approaches.
  • Integration of computational modeling insights.
  • Examination of cis-acting localisation signals and trans-acting factors.

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of molecular details governing mRNA transport and anchoring.
  • Identification of key cis-acting signals and trans-acting factors involved.
  • Demonstration of microtubule-dependent active transport as a primary mechanism.
  • Recognition of diverse, yet related, mRNA localisation strategies across different systems.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA localisation is a fundamental process for precise protein expression control.
  • Microtubule-dependent transport is a key mechanism, but variations exist.
  • Further research using advanced techniques continues to uncover the complexities of mRNA localisation.