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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E sIgE
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[Food allergy or food intolerance?].

S Maître, C-M Maniu, G Buss

    Revue Medicale Suisse
    |May 20, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adverse food reactions are categorized by immune or non-immune mechanisms. This classification aids in diagnosing and managing food intolerances and allergies.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Context:

    • Adverse food reactions encompass a wide spectrum of clinical presentations.
    • Accurate classification is crucial for effective patient management.
    • Current diagnostic approaches may benefit from a mechanism-based framework.

    Purpose:

    • To present a pathophysiologically-based classification of adverse food reactions.
    • To differentiate between immune-mediated and non-immune-mediated food reactions.
    • To provide a framework for improved diagnosis and management strategies.

    Summary:

    • Adverse food reactions are broadly divided into immune-mediated (e.g., IgE-mediated food allergy, eosinophilic esophagitis, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, celiac disease) and non-immune-mediated (food intolerances) categories.

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  • Non-immune-mediated reactions include intoxications, pharmacologic, metabolic, physiologic, psychologic, and reactions with unknown mechanisms.
  • This classification system aims to clarify the underlying mechanisms of adverse food reactions.

    • Impact:

    • Facilitates a more targeted diagnostic approach to adverse food reactions.
    • Improves clinical decision-making for food intolerances and allergies.
    • Enhances understanding of the diverse pathophysiology of adverse food reactions.