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[Defects in TOR regulatory complexes retard aging and carbonyl/oxidative stress development in yeast Saccharomyces

B V Homza, R A Vasyl'kovs'ka, H M Semchyshyn

    Ukrainian Biochemical Journal
    |May 20, 2014
    PubMed

    Insights

    This study reveals that TOR signaling impacts yeast aging and stress. Defects in TOR proteins reduce carbonyl/oxidative stress and slow aging, regardless of whether yeast are grown on glucose or fructose.

    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Yeast Genetics

    Background:

    • The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is a conserved regulator of cell growth, aging, and stress resistance in eukaryotes.
    • While the influence of nitrogen sources on TOR activity is known, its relationship with carbohydrates, particularly in the context of stress, is less understood.
    • TOR signaling plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and response to environmental cues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of TOR regulatory complexes in the development of carbonyl and oxidative stress during yeast cultivation on glucose and fructose.
    • To elucidate the differential impact of glucose versus fructose on yeast aging and stress response mediated by TOR signaling.

    Main Methods:

    • Cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (wild-type and TOR-deficient) on glucose and fructose media.
    • Quantification of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and protein carbonyl groups as markers of oxidative stress and aging.
    • Comparative analysis of stress and aging markers between different yeast strains and carbohydrate sources.

    Main Results:

    • Increased levels of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and protein carbonyls were observed over time, indicating carbonyl/oxidative stress and accelerated aging.
    • Yeast grown on fructose exhibited higher levels of these stress markers compared to those grown on glucose.
    • TOR-deficient yeast strains showed reduced stress and aging markers irrespective of the carbohydrate source (glucose or fructose) compared to the parental strain.

    Conclusions:

    • Fructose induces a more potent carbonyl/oxidative stress and accelerated aging in S. cerevisiae compared to glucose.
    • Defects in TOR regulatory complexes significantly retard yeast aging and the development of carbohydrate-induced stress.
    • TOR signaling is a critical mediator of carbohydrate-dependent stress and aging in yeast, with implications for understanding cellular responses to different sugar sources.

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