Mesenchymal stromal cell cryopreservation.

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Regenerative Medicine
• Cryobiology

Background:

• Cryopreservation is vital for stem cell therapies, requiring methods that maintain cell identity and integrity.
• Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and animal proteins are common cryoprotectants, but can cause toxicity and alter stem cell fate.
• Limited data exists on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) viability post-cryopreservation, with observed poor resistance and replication ability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the vitality of MSCs from different sources after cryopreservation using various solutions.
• To identify optimal cryopreservation methods for MSCs to improve their clinical applicability.
• To investigate the cryosurvival rates of equine, ovine, and rodent bone marrow MSCs, and equine adipose tissue MSCs.

Main Methods:

• MSCs were isolated from equine, ovine, and rodent bone marrow, and equine adipose tissue.
• Cells were cryopreserved using different solutions, with a focus on fetal bovine serum and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixtures.
• Cell viability was assessed using Trypan blue staining at 0, 24, and 48 hours post-thaw.

Main Results:

• A cryopreservation solution of fetal bovine serum with 10% DMSO yielded the best cell viability results.
• Equine bone marrow MSCs showed a notable increase in survival with this solution.
• Equine bone marrow MSCs were identified as the most sensitive to the cryopreservation process among the analyzed cell types.

Conclusions:

• The combination of fetal bovine serum and 10% DMSO offers a promising cryopreservation strategy for MSCs.
• Equine bone marrow MSCs require further investigation to optimize their cryopreservation and enhance their therapeutic potential.
• Improved cryopreservation techniques are essential for the successful clinical application of MSC-based therapies.