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Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa phospholipases D are trans-kingdom effectors, killing bacteria and entering host cells. This conserved strategy highlights their role in pathogen virulence.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen.
  • Type VI secretion systems (TSS) are important virulence factors in bacteria.
  • Phospholipases D (PLDs) are enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize type VI secreted phospholipases D (PLDs) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • To investigate the role of these PLDs as trans-kingdom virulence effectors.
  • To explore the potential of these enzymes as a conserved pathogenic strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic manipulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
  • Biochemical assays to measure phospholipase activity.
  • Cell culture experiments using eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
  • Microscopy to observe bacterial internalization.

Main Results:

  • Two type VI secreted PLDs were identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • These PLDs function as trans-kingdom effectors, targeting both bacterial and host cells.
  • The enzymes were shown to induce bacterial competitor killing and internalization into non-phagocytic host cells.
  • PLDs were found to be widely distributed among various pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Type VI secreted PLDs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are potent trans-kingdom virulence factors.
  • These enzymes employ a conserved strategy for pathogenesis, impacting both prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts.
  • Targeting these lipolytic enzymes could offer novel therapeutic approaches against bacterial infections.