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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Differences in immune cell function between tuberculosis positive and negative Asian elephants.

Jennifer A Landolfi1, Michele Miller2, Carol Maddox3

  • 1University of Illinois, Zoological Pathology Program, Loyola University Medical Center, Building 101, Room 0745, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.

Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|May 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asian elephants with tuberculosis show distinct immune cell responses. Proliferative responses and cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ) to specific antigens differ between infected and non-infected elephants, offering insights into tuberculosis immunopathogenesis.

Keywords:
CytokineElephantElephas maximusImmunityTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Wildlife Disease Research
  • Elephant Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant threat to global Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) populations.
  • The underlying mechanisms of susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in elephants remain poorly understood.
  • Investigating immune responses can elucidate TB pathogenesis in this vulnerable species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare immune cell function between tuberculosis-positive and negative Asian elephants.
  • To identify specific immune markers associated with TB infection in elephants.
  • To explore the role of cellular proliferation and cytokine expression in elephant TB immunopathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 8 TB-negative and 8 TB-positive Asian elephants.
  • PBMC cultures were stimulated with Mycobacterium bovis purified protein derivative (PPD-B), M. tuberculosis culture filtrate protein (CFP)-10, and M. avium PPD (PPD-A).
  • Cellular proliferation was assessed using brominated uridine incorporation, and cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ) was measured by real-time RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • Higher proliferative responses were observed in TB-positive elephants following PPD-B stimulation (p=0.005).
  • Significantly greater expression of TNF-α, IL-12, and IFN-γ was detected in TB-positive elephants after stimulation with PPD-B and CFP-10.
  • Enhanced IL-12 expression was also noted in TB-positive elephants stimulated with PPD-A (p=0.025).

Conclusions:

  • Differences in immune cell function exist between TB-positive and TB-negative Asian elephants.
  • Specific immune parameters, including proliferative responses and cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ) to PPD-B and CFP-10, may be crucial in TB immunopathogenesis in elephants.
  • These findings contribute to understanding elephant TB and may inform diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.