Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

500
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
500
Testing a Claim about Population Proportion01:24

Testing a Claim about Population Proportion

2.9K
A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
2.9K
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

761
In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
761
Sample Proportion and Population Proportion01:20

Sample Proportion and Population Proportion

5.7K
Collecting samples or responses from an entire population takes significant time and effort, so a researcher collects responses from only a sample of that population. Suppose a study needs to collect information about a specific mobile application. After sample collection, the researcher analyzes the data and discovers that most individuals in the sample use that specific mobile application. The sample proportion measures the number of individuals in a sample who either use or don't use the...
5.7K
Methods of Medium Optimization01:28

Methods of Medium Optimization

70
Optimizing growth media enhances microbial proliferation and maximizes product yield. Statistical experimental design methodologies provide structured and reproducible approaches, offering progressively higher levels of robustness and efficiency.The One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) MethodThe One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) method involves adjusting a single variable while keeping all others constant. However, it cannot detect interactions between variables, often leading to suboptimal outcomes when...
70
Weighted Mean00:57

Weighted Mean

5.5K
While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
For example, consider the number of goals scored in the matches of a tournament. While computing the average number of goals scored in the tournament, it may be more important to...
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deconstructing the vigilance decrement: Changes in bias, lapse rate, and guess rate, but not sensitivity.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same author

More Guidance Needed in Approaches to Calculate Transition Probabilities in Health Economic Decision Models: An External Assessment Group Perspective.

PharmacoEconomics·2026
Same author

Accounting for Oral Corticosteroids Tapering and Reduction in Adverse Effect Burden in Health Economic Evaluations: External Assessment Group Perspective.

PharmacoEconomics·2026
Same author

Binomial effect size displays and gain-probability: Alternative ways to interpret hierarchical regression findings, with tutorial.

Psychological methods·2026
Same author

Response to Comment on "The Importance of Structured Expert Elicitation to Inform Outcomes Following Treatment Discontinuation: Evidence Assessment Group Perspective".

PharmacoEconomics·2026
Same author

The Importance of Structured Expert Elicitation to Inform Outcomes Following Treatment Discontinuation: Evidence Assessment Group Perspective.

PharmacoEconomics·2026
Same journal

The influence of the Big Five personality traits on daily internal and external aggression tendencies: a dual-pathway mechanism from the perspective of social comparison theory-a diary study.

The Journal of general psychology·2026
Same journal

Cognitive and emotional benefits of piano training: effects on working memory and psychological well-being.

The Journal of general psychology·2026
Same journal

The efficacy of mindfulness based interventions in mitigating stress and fostering enhanced mindfulness among higher education students.

The Journal of general psychology·2026
Same journal

Age and gender differences in the factor structure of cognitive monitoring.

The Journal of general psychology·2026
Same journal

How social context modulates the roles of fairness, reciprocity, and empathy on advantageous inequity aversion.

The Journal of general psychology·2026
Same journal

Predicting a few or many friends in schoolchildren: a machine learning approach.

The Journal of general psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Estimate the Cognitive Load Using Electrocardiographic Measure: A Human-AI Collaborative Task
07:08

Estimate the Cognitive Load Using Electrocardiographic Measure: A Human-AI Collaborative Task

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.2K

The harder the task, the more inconsistent the performance: a PPT analysis on task difficulty.

Stephen Rice1, Kasha Geels, Holly Raye Hackett

  • 1a New Mexico State University.

The Journal of General Psychology
|May 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As task difficulty increases, performance decreases due to inconsistency, not just systematic factors. Potential Performance Theory explains these task performance decrements.

Keywords:
difficultyperformancepotentialtheory

More Related Videos

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

10.6K
A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS
19:44

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

Published on: June 3, 2009

14.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Estimate the Cognitive Load Using Electrocardiographic Measure: A Human-AI Collaborative Task
07:08

Estimate the Cognitive Load Using Electrocardiographic Measure: A Human-AI Collaborative Task

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.2K
A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

10.6K
A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS
19:44

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

Published on: June 3, 2009

14.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Task difficulty is known to negatively impact task performance.
  • Previous explanations focused on systematic factors influencing performance decrements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if inconsistency, rather than solely systematic factors, contributes to performance decreases with increased task difficulty.
  • To evaluate Potential Performance Theory's (PPT) explanation for task performance changes.

Main Methods:

  • Three visual search experiments were conducted.
  • Task difficulty was manipulated by altering set size, contrast, and background distracters.
  • Potential Performance Theory (PPT) guided the experimental design and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Decreased task performance with increased difficulty was primarily linked to reduced consistency.
  • Systematic factors played a lesser role in observed performance decrements.
  • Findings support the role of inconsistency in performance changes across varying task difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Task difficulty influences performance through a reduction in consistency.
  • Potential Performance Theory offers a valuable framework for understanding task performance variations.
  • Future research should consider inconsistency as a key factor in cognitive task performance.