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Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Morphological and Compositional Analysis of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced by Microbial and Chemical Stimuli
Published on: November 4, 2022
Role of neutrophil extracellular traps following injury
Fu-Chao Liu1, Yueh-Hsun Chuang, Yung-Fong Tsai
1*Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; and †College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan; and ‡Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of neutrophil DNA and cytoplasmic proteins, have been shown to be involved in various infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Neutrophil extracellular traps are abundant at the site of infection and acute inflammation. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation can occur through various intracellular signaling pathways, including peptidylarginine deiminase 4, Raf-MEK-ERK, nitric oxide, Toll-like receptor 4, high mobility group box 1, pentraxin 3, and mammalian targets of rapamycin. A growing body of evidence indicates that NETs may play an important role in injury, and decreases in NETs could reduce tissue injury. Neutrophil extracellular traps are believed to modulate the inflammatory and immune responses of individuals after injury. In this review, the role of NETs in injury, including traumatic injury, ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury, and sepsis, as well as the potential markers and therapeutic targets of NET-related injury will be discussed.
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