Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
Published on: July 5, 2021
Fibrosis, electrics and genetics. Perspectives in sinoatrial node disease
Gwilym M Morris1, Jonathan M Kalman
1Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility.
None:
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the normal pacemaker of the heart. During a human lifetime it must initiate approximately 2 billion heartbeats and coordinate the cardiovascular response to our physiological and emotional demands. Disease of the SAN is common, and one of the leading indications for electronic pacemaker implantation. Advances in understanding the genetics and molecular mechanisms determining normal SAN function, and of the pathways controlling remodeling are revealing SAN disease to be heterogeneous. We review the contemporary concepts of SAN function, heart rate adaptation and SAN disease from the molecular level to clinical application.
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