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Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a case series from Turkey
Aydan Değerliyurt1, Serap Teber1, Omer Bektaş1
1Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|May 21, 2014
Summary
Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) is a benign childhood epilepsy. Most patients experience few seizures, often sleep-related, with common symptoms like vomiting and altered consciousness, and typically require minimal medication.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Epileptology
- Clinical Neurophysiology
Background:
- Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) is a common, benign childhood epileptic syndrome.
- Understanding its clinical and EEG characteristics is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
- Previous studies have highlighted varied presentations and outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the demographic, clinical, and electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome.
- To assess the illness course and treatment response in a cohort of PS patients.
- To investigate potential genetic and pathogenetic links suggested by family histories.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective evaluation of 38 patients diagnosed with PS between January 2011 and December 2013.
- Analysis of demographic data, seizure history, clinical symptoms, and EEG findings.
- Review of treatment regimens and patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- High prevalence of personal/family history of febrile convulsions, breath-holding spells, epilepsy, and migraine.
- Seizures typically began before age eight (87%), with a mean onset age of 4.6 years.
- Sleep-related seizures (81.5%), autonomic status (33%), ictus emeticus, eye/head deviation, and altered consciousness were common; multifocal epileptiform discharges on EEG occurred in 84%.
Conclusions:
- Panayiotopoulos syndrome exhibits a strong association with genetic factors, suggested by familial histories of epilepsy and migraine.
- Despite potentially alarming symptoms, PS is generally benign, with most patients requiring limited antiepileptic drug (AED) use.
- Evolution to severe epilepsy forms occurred in patients with over ten seizures, underscoring the importance of monitoring seizure frequency.