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Updated: Jul 30, 2026

A Pipeline for 3D Multimodality Image Integration and Computer-assisted Planning in Epilepsy Surgery
Published on: May 20, 2016
Neural stimulators: a guide to imaging and postoperative appearances
A Adams1, J Shand-Smith2, L Watkins3
1Department of Neuroradiology, Barts and the Royal London Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK.
Abstract:
Implantable neural stimulators have been developed to aid patients with debilitating neurological conditions that are not amenable to other therapies. The aim of this article is to improve understanding of correct anatomical placement as well as the relevant imaging methods used to assess these devices. Potential complications following their insertion and an overview of the current indications and potential mechanism of action of these devices is provided.

