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Immunologic and psychologic parameters associated with geographic tongue
Milad Alikhani1, Navid Khalighinejad2, Parichehr Ghalaiani3
1Postgraduate student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Summary
Geographic tongue (GT) may be linked to immune system factors and psychological stress. Higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, cortisol, and anxiety were observed in individuals with GT.
Area of Science:
- Oral Medicine
- Immunology
- Psychology
Background:
- Geographic tongue (GT) is a common oral condition with unclear etiology.
- Previous research suggests potential links to various systemic conditions, but consensus is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between immunologic and psychologic parameters and the diagnosis of geographic tongue.
- To explore potential risk factors contributing to the development of GT.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 170 participants (85 with GT, 85 healthy controls).
- Measurement of salivary concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6).
- Assessment of anxiety levels using validated psychologic and physiologic instruments, including salivary cortisol measurement.
Main Results:
- Significantly elevated salivary concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were found in the GT group compared to controls.
- The GT group exhibited significantly higher levels of salivary cortisol and state/trait anxiety.
- Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between groups (P < .05).
Conclusions:
- Immunologic factors, specifically elevated TNF-α and IL-6, are associated with geographic tongue.
- Psychologic parameters, including anxiety and cortisol levels, appear to be linked to GT.
- These findings suggest that immunologic and psychologic factors may play a role as risk factors in the development of geographic tongue.