Laparoscopic-assisted total mesorectal resection through the transanal route

One of the most controversial areas in laparoscopic approach is rectal cancer, not only because of the surgical technique but of the best approach to do it. The transanal approach arises like a new alternative for rectal cancer and other rectal pathologies due to solve some of the problems that we can find in conventional laparoscopic approach, mainly in low rectal cancer for the section of the rectum and distal margin. The first case of rectal cancer surgery by transanal approach was published in 2009. Since now, just a few series with a limited number of patients has been done with this technique. Among the different series there are differences, especially with the surgical technique (mainly with the transanal platform). Nowadays, the morbidity and postoperative outcomes have are comparable with the conventional approach. The oncological outcomes have no shown any differences, even long term results are not known at the moment (longer follow-up of 21 months). The results published in transanal approach surgery demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the procedure with an advantage in hostile pelvis (obese, narrow pelvis and males). Randomized studies are needed for long-term functional and oncological outcomes.