Scanning electrochemical microscopy as a novel proximity sensor for atraumatic cochlear implant insertion

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Surgical Technology
• Microscopy

Background:

• Minimally invasive procedures increasingly require precise device insertion into confined anatomical spaces.
• Accurate motion control is vital to prevent tissue damage and device malfunction.
• Optical monitoring is often impossible in these narrow environments, necessitating alternative distance sensing methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel sub-millimeter distance sensing technique for precise motion control in minimally invasive surgery.
• To adapt scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for real-time distance monitoring of insertable devices.

Main Methods:

• Utilized scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) principles for distance sensing.
• Fabricated amperometric microprobes on an insertable device to monitor distances.
• Investigated SECM signal sensitivity to probe-to-object proximity.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated that the SECM diffusion current is highly sensitive to the distance between the microelectrode probe and insulating objects.
• Showcased the potential for multiple microprobes to monitor distances between device parts and surrounding tissues.
• Addressed challenges related to complex geometries, electrode contamination, and biocompatible mediators.

Conclusions:

• The developed SECM-based approach offers a viable solution for sub-millimeter distance sensing in confined surgical spaces.
• This technique can enhance precision and safety in procedures like cochlear implant insertion.
• Further research is needed to overcome challenges in biological environments for clinical application.