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Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff
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Performance evaluation and a sizing method for hydrodynamic separators treating urban stormwater runoff.

D H Lee1, K S Min2, J-H Kang1

  • 1Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1 gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Korea

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|May 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Performance of stormwater hydrodynamic separators in Korea over six years revealed low total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency. High overflow rates and fine particles were key factors, necessitating improved design curves for better efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Urban Hydrology
  • Water Quality Management

Background:

  • Stormwater management is crucial for urban catchments.
  • Hydrodynamic separators are used to treat stormwater runoff.
  • Performance monitoring is essential to evaluate treatment technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor the performance of stormwater hydrodynamic separators over six years in Korean urban catchments.
  • To identify factors affecting the removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS).
  • To develop curves for predicting TSS removal efficiency based on design parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring of 137 storm events across four hydrodynamic separators (2006-2012).
  • Analysis of event average removal efficiencies and surface overflow rates.
  • Application of Weibull function to simulate particle size distribution (PSD).
  • Utilizing discrete settling theory to develop TSS removal efficiency curves.

Main Results:

  • Mean TSS removal efficiencies varied significantly across the four separators (8.54% to 43.69%).
  • Low efficiencies were linked to high surface overflow rates and fine particle fractions (<75 μm).
  • Developed curves demonstrated the relationship between TSS removal efficiency, overflow rate, and particle size.

Conclusions:

  • Existing hydrodynamic separators show variable TSS removal performance in Korean urban catchments.
  • High overflow rates and fine particle loads significantly reduce treatment efficiency.
  • The developed efficiency curves offer a valuable tool for optimizing the design of hydrodynamic separators for specific TSS removal goals.