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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.4K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.4K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.5K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.5K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

870
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
870
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.2K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.4K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Extreme Nanowires and Other 1D Systems
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Resonant electronic coupling enabled by small molecules in nanocrystal solids.

Rui N Pereira1, José Coutinho, Sabrina Niesar

  • 1Department of Physics and I3N, University of Aveiro , Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

Nano Letters
|May 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Improving nanocrystal (NC) thin films

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Nanocrystal (NC) thin films offer exceptional properties for future applications.
  • Exploiting these properties requires improved electrical characteristics via cost-effective methods.
  • Solution-processed NC films currently face limitations in electrical conductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate enhanced electronic conduction in solution-processed NC films.
  • To achieve this enhancement without post-deposition treatments.
  • To investigate the role of adsorbed molecules in improving NC film conductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of silicon (Si) NC films from liquid dispersions.
  • Doping Si NC films with tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), a molecular oxidizing agent.
  • Utilizing density functional calculations on molecule-doped superlattice solid models.

Main Results:

  • Adsorbed F4-TCNQ molecules significantly enhance electronic conduction in Si NC films.
  • Hybrid molecule/NC states are formed, resonating with the NC solid's conduction band.
  • These hybrid states provide additional electronic connectivity, reducing potential barriers for electron transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Specific molecular adsorption can dramatically improve the electrical properties of NC thin films.
  • This approach offers a simple, inexpensive method to enhance NC film conductivity without post-treatment.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced applications of solution-processed NC materials.