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Bioengineering a multicomponent spinal motion segment construct--a 3D model for complex tissue engineering.

Tsz Kit Chik1, Wai Hon Chooi, Yuk Yin Li

  • 1Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

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Summary

Researchers bioengineered a spinal motion segment (SMS) using stem cells and biomaterials. This novel approach offers a promising 3D model for developing advanced tissue engineering strategies for spinal disc degeneration.

Keywords:
collagencomplex tissue engineeringmesenchymal stem cellmicroencapsulationspinal motion segment

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Spinal Biomechanics

Background:

  • Intervertebral disc degeneration presents significant clinical challenges.
  • Current treatments for disc degeneration have limitations.
  • Bioengineering the entire spinal motion segment (SMS) is a promising but difficult strategy for motion preservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a multicomponent SMS construct using a module-based integrative approach.
  • To investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cells and collagen-based biomaterials in SMS tissue engineering.
  • To develop a 3D model for studying tissue maturation and functional remodeling in engineered spinal motion segments.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a multicomponent SMS construct using mesenchymal stem cells and collagen-based biomaterials.
  • Incorporation of osteochondral subunits, a nucleus pulposus (NP)-like core, and a multi-lamellae annulus fibrosus (AF)-like component.
  • Application of chondrogenic medium and cyclic mechanical loading (compression and torsion) to guide tissue development and organization.

Main Results:

  • Chondrogenic medium stabilized osteochondral subunits and facilitated nutrient diffusion.
  • Cyclic compression promoted better fiber matrix organization within the construct.
  • Cyclic torsional loading induced cell alignment in AF-like lamellae, with lamellar number influencing mechanical properties.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells adhered, survived, and interacted within the NP-like core.

Conclusions:

  • This study reports the successful fabrication of a complex, hierarchical SMS construct.
  • The developed construct serves as a valuable 3D model for advancing SMS tissue engineering.
  • This work represents a significant milestone toward developing effective motion preservation strategies for spinal degeneration.