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Photochemical toxicity of drugs intended for ocular use

Roshan Kumar Sahu, Bhupendra Singh, Shubhini A Saraf

    Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju
    |May 22, 2014
    PubMed

    Insights

    Ophthalmic drugs like sulphacetamide can be phototoxic, causing moderate toxicity with UV-A light exposure. Patients should use these medications in the dark and follow specific labeling instructions to minimize risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Photobiology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Ophthalmic drug formulations contain various active ingredients.
    • Phototoxicity is a potential adverse effect of some medications.
    • Evaluating ocular phototoxicity is crucial for patient safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the ocular phototoxicity of commonly used ophthalmic drugs.
    • To determine the safety of sulphacetamide, ketoconazole, voriconazole, diclofenac, and ketorolac under light exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Hen's Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM), Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE), and Red Blood Cell (RBC) haemolysis tests.
    • Assessed drugs at market concentrations, following ECVAM, ICCVAM, and OECD guidelines.
    • Evaluated effects in the presence and absence of UV-A irradiation.

    Main Results:

    • Sulphacetamide showed moderate toxicity with UV-A light and slight irritation without.
    • Ketoconazole and voriconazole were slightly irritant with UV-A light, non-irritant in dark.
    • Diclofenac and ketorolac exhibited slight irritancy in light, non-irritant in dark.

    Conclusions:

    • Several ophthalmic drugs possess phototoxic potential, particularly under UV-A light exposure.
    • Prolonged use may exacerbate phototoxic effects.
    • Recommendations include dark storage, light avoidance during use, and clear patient labeling.

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