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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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[The epigenetic effect on pre-mRNA alternative splicing].

Jinxuan Zhao1, Fang Wang1, Zhengrong Xu1

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|May 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic factors like DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate alternative splicing, a key process in gene expression and protein diversity. This epigenetic control influences gene expression outcomes and impacts human diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Context:

  • Alternative splicing is vital for eukaryotic gene expression, generating protein diversity and influencing cellular processes.
  • Traditionally, research focused on RNA elements and splicing factors, overlooking epigenetic influences.
  • Recent studies highlight the significant role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating alternative splicing.

Purpose:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding epigenetic regulation of pre-mRNA alternative splicing.
  • To explore the functions of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, and histone modifications in this process.
  • To discuss the implications of epigenetic regulation of splicing for human disease research.

Summary:

  • Epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation, chromatin structure, and histone modifications, form a complex network that governs alternative pre-mRNA splicing.
  • These epigenetic mechanisms not only control gene expression initiation but also dictate the specific outcomes of splicing.
  • The interplay between epigenetic marks and splicing machinery offers new insights into gene regulation.

Impact:

  • Findings suggest that epigenetic regulation is a critical layer controlling protein diversity beyond the genome sequence.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can reveal novel therapeutic targets for diseases linked to aberrant splicing.
  • This review provides a foundation for future research into the intricate links between epigenetics, splicing, and human health.