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Experts bodies, experts minds: How physical and mental training shape the brain
Ursula Debarnot1, Marco Sperduti2, Franck Di Rienzo3
1Département des Neurosciences Fondamentales, Centre Médical Universitaire, Université de Genéve Genéve, Suisse ; Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex Lyon, France.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|May 22, 2014
Summary
Expertise involves optimized brain function for complex tasks. This review explores neural changes in motor skills, motor imagery, and meditation to understand skill learning and expertise.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Skill Acquisition
Background:
- Skill learning enhances performance through practice, leading to expert levels.
- Expertise involves organized knowledge, efficient processing, and handling complex demands.
- Neural reorganizations optimize neurocognitive resources for peak performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate neural substrates and cognitive mechanisms underlying expertise.
- To define expertise based on its neural and cognitive underpinnings.
- To review skill learning across motor to mental domains.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on skill acquisition and expert performance.
- Focus on three domains: sequential motor skill, motor imagery, and meditation.
- Analysis of neural mechanisms and cognitive processes involved in expertise.
Main Results:
- Expertise is associated with optimized neurocognitive resources and brain plasticity.
- Domain-specific brain activity differentiates experts from novices.
- Distinct neural mechanisms support motor skills, motor imagery, and mental training.
Conclusions:
- Expertise reflects optimized neurocognitive functioning shaped by practice.
- Understanding the neural basis of expertise requires examining domain-specific knowledge.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the neurocognitive processes underpinning expertise across different domains.
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