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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

Published on: February 5, 2021

Intra-aortic balloon pump: indications, efficacy, guidelines and future directions.

Abdul R Ihdayhid¹, Sandeep Chopra, Jamie Rankin

¹Cardiology Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Current Opinion in Cardiology

|May 23, 2014

Summary

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is safe but lacks proven efficacy for acute myocardial infarction (MI) and high-risk procedures. Further research is needed to define its role in specific patient groups.

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Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

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Published on: February 5, 2021

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Published on: August 16, 2021

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Cardiovascular Interventions
Medical Device Efficacy

Background:

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been a cardiac assist device since 1968, primarily based on physiological principles and observational data.
Limited randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have historically constrained understanding of IABP's clinical effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent randomized data on the efficacy and safety of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).
To evaluate IABP's role in acute myocardial infarction (MI), high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Main Methods:

Analysis of recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses.
Review of observational data for specific indications where RCTs are lacking.

Main Results:

Recent RCTs and meta-analyses confirm the safety of IABP but question its efficacy in acute MI, with or without cardiogenic shock.
Limited support exists for IABP's efficacy in high-risk PCI and CABG, with only observational data for niche indications like mechanical MI complications and refractory ventricular arrhythmia.

Conclusions:

Current evidence supports IABP safety but provides limited or no support for its efficacy in high-risk MI, cardiogenic shock, or prophylactic use in high-risk PCI/CABG.
Further studies are essential to optimize patient selection, timing, and adjunctive therapies to define IABP's role in contemporary cardiovascular practice.