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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

Muscles of the Abdomen

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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
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Hiatal Hernia01:25

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A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or...
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Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four...
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Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

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Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
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Assessment of the Abdomen I: Inspection and Auscultation01:25

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Introduction
The abdominal examination is a cornerstone of clinical medicine, serving as a critical tool in diagnosing various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. It involves a systematic approach that includes inspection and auscultation, each with distinct yet complementary roles in assessing the abdomen. This article will delve into these two primary methods healthcare professionals use to examine the abdomen.
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The first step in any abdominal examination is inspection....
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Abdominal Aorta01:25

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Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
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Related Experiment Video

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Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair
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Adult abdominal hernias.

Kevin P Murphy1, Owen J O'Connor, Michael M Maher

  • 11 All authors: Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|May 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Radiologists must interpret abdominal hernias and their complications. CT scans are preferred for adult hernias, while ultrasound is best for pediatric cases and groin assessments, and MRI aids in diagnosing subtle hernias.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Abdominal hernias are common imaging findings requiring expert interpretation.
  • Radiologists must identify not only hernias but also associated complications and post-surgical changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the roles of various imaging modalities in diagnosing abdominal hernias.
  • To guide radiologists in assessing hernia complications and post-repair findings.

Main Methods:

  • Computed Tomography (CT) is the primary modality for adult abdominal hernias due to speed and detail.
  • Ultrasound is optimal for pediatric abdominal wall hernias and adult groin assessments.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is valuable for suspected hernias with unclear musculoskeletal origins.

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  • Fluoroscopic herniography aids in diagnosing hernias not evident on physical examination.

    • Main Results:

    • CT offers excellent sensitivity for detecting hernia complications in adults.
    • Ultrasound provides effective assessment for pediatric hernias and adult groin hernias.
    • MRI assists in differentiating hernias from other potential causes of pain.
    • Internal hernias present diagnostic challenges, often indicated by closed-loop bowel obstruction or abnormal bowel positioning.

    Conclusions:

    • Radiologists need comprehensive knowledge of imaging techniques for abdominal hernias.
    • Choosing the appropriate imaging modality is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
    • Internal hernias require careful evaluation due to their complex presentation and diagnostic difficulty.