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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Spin-polarized currents generated by magnetic Fe atomic chains.

Zheng-Zhe Lin1, Xi Chen

  • 1School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, People's Republic of China.

Nanotechnology
|May 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Freestanding iron (Fe) atomic chains generate spin-polarized currents. However, these chains are only thermally stable below 150 K, limiting their use in spintronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Iron (Fe)-based devices are crucial in spintronics due to their inherent magnetism and high spin-polarization.
  • Atomic chains represent the thinnest possible wires, offering unique electronic properties for nanoscale devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability and spin-polarized current generation capabilities of freestanding iron (Fe) atomic chains.
  • To compare the properties of Fe atomic chains with carbon (C) atomic chains for potential spintronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Ab initio calculations were employed to study the structural stability and electronic band structure of Fe atomic chains.
  • Theoretical predictions were made regarding the thermal lifetime and current generation properties of Fe and C atomic chains.

Main Results:

  • The zigzag structure of Fe atomic chains was found to be more stable and exhibited a higher spin-up to spin-down current ratio compared to the wide-angle zigzag structure.
  • Fe atomic chains possess a limited thermal lifetime, remaining stable only at temperatures below 150 K.
  • A system with an Fe chain between graphene electrodes can generate spin-polarized currents, unlike a C chain.

Conclusions:

  • Freestanding Fe atomic chains are promising for generating spin-polarized currents but are restricted to low-temperature applications (T ≤ 150 K).
  • Carbon atomic chains offer superior thermal stability, but Fe chains are suitable for specific spin-polarized current generation applications.
  • This research provides valuable insights for the practical development of spintronic devices utilizing metal atomic chains.