Affectionless control by the same-sex parents increases dysfunctional attitudes about achievement
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Published on: September 19, 2019
Koichi Otani1, Akihito Suzuki1, Yoshihiko Matsumoto1
1Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
Background:
The affectionless control parenting has been associated with depression in recipients. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of this parenting style on dysfunctional attitudes predisposing to depression.
Methods:
The subjects were 666 Japanese volunteers. Perceived parental rearing was evaluated by the Parental Bonding Instrument, which has the care and protection subscales. Parental rearing was classified into four types, i.e., optimal parenting (high care/low protection), affectionate constraint (high care/high protection), neglectful parenting (low care/low protection), and affectionless control (low care/high protection). Dysfunctional attitudes were evaluated by the 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, which has the achievement, dependency and self-control subscales.
Results:
Males with paternal affectionless control had higher achievement scores than those with paternal optimal parenting (P=.016). Similarly, females with maternal affectionless control had higher achievement scores than those with maternal optimal parenting (P=.016).
Conclusion:
The present study suggests that affectionless control by the same-sex parents increases dysfunctional attitudes about achievement.
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Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
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