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Cardiac hypertrophy and aortic distensibility in essential hypertension

M E Safar1, S Laurent, R A Asmar

  • 1Diagnosis Center, Broussais Hospital, Paris, France.

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
|January 1, 1987
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension can cause cardiac hypertrophy by reducing aortic distensibility. Certain blood pressure medications improve arterial stiffness, aiding in the reversal of cardiac hypertrophy.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Hypertension Research
  • Vascular Physiology

Background:

  • Reduced aortic distensibility and compliance are implicated in cardiac hypertrophy development within hypertensive states.
  • In borderline hypertension, altered aortic distensibility shows weak correlation with septal hypertrophy, a marker for cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Sustained essential hypertension exhibits a strong correlation between cardiac hypertrophy and increased aortic rigidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between aortic distensibility, arterial stiffness, and cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive patients.
  • To evaluate the impact of different antihypertensive treatments on arterial stiffness and cardiac hypertrophy.
  • To understand the role of aortic rigidity modifications in the regression of cardiac hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of aortic distensibility and compliance indices in hypertensive patient cohorts.
  • Assessment of septal hypertrophy as a marker for cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Comparison of the effects of dihydralazine-like substances, calcium-entry blockers, and converting-enzyme inhibitors on arterial stiffness.

Main Results:

  • Aortic distensibility alterations are observed in borderline hypertension but poorly correlate with septal hypertrophy.
  • A strong correlation exists between increased aortic rigidity and cardiac hypertrophy in sustained essential hypertension.
  • Calcium-entry blockers and converting-enzyme inhibitors improve arterial stiffness, unlike dihydralazine-like substances, at equivalent blood pressure reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Aortic rigidity plays a significant role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in sustained hypertension.
  • Improving arterial stiffness through specific antihypertensive medications may be crucial for the regression of cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Modifications in aortic rigidity are a key factor to consider when aiming for cardiac hypertrophy reversion in hypertension management.

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