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Related Concept Videos

Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

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When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
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Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving01:17

Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving

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Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
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Rolling Without Slipping01:09

Rolling Without Slipping

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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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Bearings: Problem Solving01:24

Bearings: Problem Solving

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Understanding the calculations and concepts related to double-collar bearings is essential for engineers and designers to optimize the performance of these components in various applications. By analyzing the bearing under different conditions, one can ensure that it can withstand the forces and moments experienced during operation. This knowledge enables better decision-making when designing and selecting bearings for specific purposes and configurations. Consider a double-collar bearing with...
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Pivot Bearings01:23

Pivot Bearings

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In mechanical systems, bearings are crucial in facilitating relative motion between two components while minimizing friction and wear. They help distribute various loads (radial, axial or a combination of both loads) across machinery parts, ensuring smooth and efficient operation.
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Rolling With Slipping01:14

Rolling With Slipping

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Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance
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An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance

Published on: September 19, 2016

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Wheel running in the wild.

Johanna H Meijer1, Yuri Robbers2

  • 1Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Einthovenweg 20, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands j.h.meijer@lumc.nl.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|May 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wild mice frequently use running wheels in their natural habitat, challenging the notion that this behavior is solely an artifact of captivity. This research supports running wheel activity as an elective behavior, crucial for understanding exercise

Keywords:
circadian rhythmsexercisenaturestereotypic behaviourwheel running

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Exercise is vital for health and neurogenesis, yet the use of running wheels in research is debated.
  • Concerns exist that running wheel activity in captive animals may be an artifact of captivity, indicating neurosis or stereotypy rather than genuine exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether wild mice utilize running wheels in their natural environment.
  • To determine if running wheel use by wild mice is elective or a byproduct of captivity.

Main Methods:

  • Running wheels were placed in the natural habitat of wild mice.
  • Wheel usage and bout lengths were recorded without providing extrinsic rewards.

Main Results:

  • Wild mice frequently used the running wheels in their natural environment.
  • The duration of running wheel bouts in the wild mirrored those observed in captive mice.
  • This usage occurred even without external incentives, suggesting it is not solely driven by captivity.

Conclusions:

  • Running wheel activity in mice is an elective behavior, not merely a sign of neurosis or stereotypy.
  • Findings validate the use of running wheels as a research tool for studying exercise and its benefits.
  • This research is critical given the modern rise in lifestyle-related diseases linked to lack of physical activity.