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Severe recent decrease of adult body mass in a declining insectivorous bird population.

Sébastien Rioux Paquette1, Fanie Pelletier2, Dany Garant2

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Declining tree swallow populations show reduced body mass, especially in females, linked to agricultural intensity. This suggests non-breeding area factors impact bird health and survival.

Keywords:
aerial insectivoresagricultural intensificationbody massbreeding successphenotypic plasticitytree swallow

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Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Migratory aerial insectivores face widespread declines, poorly understood.
  • Agricultural intensification is a suspected driver of these population changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) body mass reflects habitat quality under agricultural intensity.
  • To investigate population trends and their correlation with body mass and reproductive success.

Main Methods:

  • Collected data over 7 years (2005-2011) on 2918 tree swallow captures and 1483 broods.
  • Analyzed population occupancy, body mass, and reproductive success along an agricultural intensity gradient.

Main Results:

  • Observed a 19% decline in tree swallow occupancy rate and decreasing body mass over the study period.
  • Females showed a significant 8% loss in body mass; body mass variation was independent of breeding habitat quality.
  • Intensive agriculture negatively impacted reproductive success, but it did not decrease over time.

Conclusions:

  • Declining tree swallow body mass may stem from non-breeding season factors, impacting survival and population dynamics.
  • Aerial insectivore declines are likely driven by complex, multifactorial issues requiring a year-round habitat use perspective.