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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
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Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description01:30

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The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
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Pleural infection and empyema.

Yong Soo Kwon1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
|May 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pleural infection incidence is rising globally, with evolving pathogens. New treatments combining tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease show promise, alongside antibiotics and drainage for effective pleural infection management.

Keywords:
DrainageEmpyemaEtiologyFibrinolytic Agents

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Rising global incidence of pleural infection reported in recent decades.
  • Pathogen profiles for pleural infection are shifting and distinct from community-acquired pneumonia.
  • Current primary treatments include antibiotics and pleural fluid drainage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and treatment strategies for pleural infection.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of intrapleural fibrinolytics, particularly novel combinations.
  • To highlight the role of surgical drainage in severe or refractory cases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on pleural infection.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for antibiotics, drainage, and intrapleural therapies.
  • Examination of a specific randomized controlled study on tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease.

Main Results:

  • Efficacy of intrapleural fibrinolytics is not fully established.
  • A recent study demonstrated improved outcomes with a combination of tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease.
  • Surgical drainage remains crucial for sepsis progression and treatment failure with tube drainage.

Conclusions:

  • Pleural infection management requires tailored approaches considering evolving pathogens.
  • Novel intrapleural therapies show potential for improved clinical outcomes.
  • Prompt and appropriate drainage, including surgical intervention, is vital for severe cases.