[How does quality of life modify indications for palliative surgical measures?]

Palliative operations have the aim of eliminating tumor symptoms and functional disorders and, if possible, improving the survival time, when incurability was diagnosed. The lacking possibility of cure requires careful risk-benefit evaluation of palliative operations. In this case, the general risk of such an intervention, its effectiveness and the patient's tolerance are relevant factors in the evaluation of life quality. It is important not only to prolong the life expectancy but also to alleviate various symptoms and avoid or eliminate physical deformations and functional disorders. Although it is still difficult to quantify "life quality", it is a decisive factor in palliative surgery beside the elimination of pain and maintenance of body functions. For example to avoid an artificial anus and relieve from pain is generally more important for patients than the statistical results of marginally prolonged survival time. Extensive palliative surgery is indicated when survival time and life quality can significantly be improved, compared to other treatment modalities.