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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
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Should MS be treated by escalation or induction therapy?

Ines Lazibat, Branimir Nevajda, Gordan Grahovac

    Collegium Antropologicum
    |May 24, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) help delay disability. Induction immunotherapy is key for aggressive MS, while personalized treatment selection controls disease and prevents progression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, disabling neurological disease with significant socioeconomic impact.
    • Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are crucial for managing MS progression and preserving patient function.
    • Therapeutic strategies like escalation and induction immunotherapy offer distinct approaches to MS treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the roles of escalation and induction immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment.
    • To emphasize the importance of personalized treatment selection for effective MS management.
    • To highlight the potential of tailored therapies in preventing secondary progressive MS.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current therapeutic strategies in multiple sclerosis (MS) management.
    • Analysis of escalation and induction immunotherapy approaches.
    • Discussion on patient-specific treatment selection criteria.

    Main Results:

    • Both escalation and induction immunotherapy are valuable DMT strategies for MS patients.
    • Induction therapy is particularly indicated for patients with highly aggressive MS at onset.
    • Personalized treatment selection is vital for controlling MS and preventing disease progression.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimizing DMT selection, including induction therapy for aggressive cases, can effectively control MS.
    • A patient-unique approach to treatment selection may delay or prevent the development of secondary progressive MS.
    • Individualized therapeutic strategies are essential for long-term MS management and improved patient outcomes.