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Published on: October 13, 2018
Chitosan and silver nanoparticles: promising anti-toxoplasma agents
M R Gaafar1, R F Mady1, R G Diab1
1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Abstract:
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide infection caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasite which is Toxoplasma gondii. Chitosan and silver nanoparticles were synthesized to be evaluated singly or combined for their anti-toxoplasma effects as prophylaxis and as treatment in the experimental animals. Results were assessed through studying the parasite density and the ultrastructural parasite changes, and estimation of serum gamma interferon. Weight of tissue silver was assessed in different organs. Results showed that silver nanoparticles used singly or combined with chitosan have promising anti-toxoplasma potentials. The animals that received these compounds showed statistically significant decrease in the mean number of the parasite count in the liver and the spleen, when compared to the corresponding control group. Light microscopic examination of the peritoneal exudates of animals receiving these compounds showed stoppage of movement and deformity in shape of the tachyzoites, whereas, by scanning electron microscope, the organisms were mutilated. Moreover, gamma interferon was increased in the serum of animals receiving these compounds. All values of silver detected in different tissues were within the safe range. Thus, these nanoparticles proved their effectiveness against the experimental Toxoplasma infection.
Insights
Silver nanoparticles and chitosan show promise in fighting Toxoplasma gondii infections. These compounds reduced parasite counts and improved immune response in experimental animals, with safe silver levels in tissues.
Area of Science:
- Parasitology
- Nanotechnology
- Immunology
Background:
- Toxoplasmosis, caused by *Toxoplasma gondii*, is a widespread parasitic infection.
- Effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against toxoplasmosis are needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the anti-toxoplasma effects of chitosan and silver nanoparticles, alone and in combination.
- To assess their efficacy as both prophylaxis and treatment in experimental models.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of chitosan and silver nanoparticles.
- Administration to experimental animals for prophylaxis and treatment.
- Assessment of parasite density, ultrastructural changes, and serum gamma interferon levels.
- Quantification of silver in various tissues.
Main Results:
- Silver nanoparticles, with or without chitosan, demonstrated significant anti-toxoplasma potential.
- A statistically significant reduction in parasite count was observed in the liver and spleen.
- Microscopic examination revealed tachyzoite damage, and serum gamma interferon levels increased.
- Detected silver levels in tissues were within safe limits.
Conclusions:
- Chitosan and silver nanoparticles are effective against experimental *Toxoplasma gondii* infection.
- These nanomaterials offer a promising therapeutic and prophylactic approach for toxoplasmosis.
