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Aging increases distraction by auditory oddballs in visual, but not auditory tasks.

Alicia Leiva1, Fabrice B R Parmentier, Pilar Andrés

  • 1Department of Psychology and Research Institute for Health Sciences (iUNICS), Neuropsychology and Cognition Group, Ed. Guillem Cifre de Colonya, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra de Valldemossa, km 7,5, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain, alicia.leiva@uib.es.

Psychological Research
|May 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show increased distraction from irrelevant sounds, especially when stimuli cross sensory modalities (auditory-visual). This age-related distraction effect was not seen in same-modality (auditory-auditory) tasks, suggesting aging impacts cross-modal attention switching.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology of Aging

Background:

  • Aging typically impairs the ability to ignore irrelevant stimuli.
  • Previous research offers conflicting findings on whether aging affects distraction more within or across sensory modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of aging on deviance distraction in both cross-modal (auditory-visual) and uni-modal (auditory-auditory) oddball tasks.
  • To determine if age-related distraction effects differ based on stimulus modality.

Main Methods:

  • Young and older adults performed auditory-visual and auditory-auditory oddball tasks.
  • Participants judged digit parity preceded by standard or deviant auditory stimuli.
  • Response times were measured to assess distraction (deviant vs. standard stimuli).

Main Results:

  • Deviant sounds caused distraction in both age groups and tasks.
  • An age-related increase in distraction was observed specifically in the cross-modal task.
  • No significant age-related increase in distraction was found in the uni-modal task.

Conclusions:

  • Aging may specifically impair attentional switching across sensory modalities.
  • This cross-modal attention deficit in aging could stem from slower attentional shifts or reduced cognitive control for re-orienting attention.