Tyrosinase enzyme: 1. An overview on a pharmacological target

The tyrosinase enzyme (EC 1.14.18.1) is an oxidoreductase inside the general enzyme classification and is involved in the oxidation and reduction process in the epidermis. These chemical reactions that the enzyme catalyzes are of principal importance in the melanogenesis process. This process of melanogenesis is related to the melanin formation, a heteropolymer of indolic nature that provides the different tonalities in the skin and helps to the protection from the ultraviolet radiation. However, a pigment overproduction, come up by the action of the tyrosinase, can cause different disorders in the skin related to the hyperpigmentation. Several studies mainly focused on the characteristics of the enzyme have been reported. In this work, an approximation to general aspects related to this enzyme is made. Besides, it is treated the researches that have been published in the part of the biochemical anatomy dealing with diseases associated with this protein (melanogenesis), its active place and its physiological states, the molecular mechanism, the methods carried out to detect the inhibitory activity, and the used substrates.