Cellular mechanisms and physiological consequences of redox-dependent signalling
Kira M Holmström1, Toren Finkel1
1Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|May 24, 2014
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital in cell signaling and fate. This review explores ROS sources, regulation, and their roles in immunity, stem cell renewal, cancer, and aging.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Biochemistry
- Physiology
Background:
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were initially known for cellular damage.
- Emerging evidence highlights ROS's critical role in cell signaling and fate determination.
- Specific amino acid oxidation, particularly cysteine residues, mediates ROS-dependent signaling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the cellular sources of ROS.
- To discuss the regulation of intracellular oxidant levels.
- To explore the expanding roles of redox-dependent regulation in biological processes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ROS signaling mechanisms.
- Analysis of intracellular ROS production and regulation pathways.
- Synthesis of recent findings on redox regulation in diverse biological activities.
Main Results:
- ROS are generated from various intracellular sources.
- Intracellular ROS levels are tightly regulated.
- Redox regulation impacts immune function, stem cell renewal, tumorigenesis, and aging.
Conclusions:
- ROS are key signaling molecules with diverse biological functions.
- Understanding ROS regulation is crucial for comprehending cell fate and disease.
- Redox-dependent mechanisms are fundamental to numerous physiological and pathological processes.
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